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Evolution of Cholera - Molecular Evolution of the Pathogenic Clones of Vibrio cholerae
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Pathogenic strains of Vibrio cholerae are the causativeagents of the diarrhoeal disease cholera, which continues to be amajor health problem for human societies that lack sufficient safedrinking water and sanitation. Pathogenic strains isolated fromdifferent time periods and geographical loci are differentiatedinto various clones on the basis of several molecularcharacteristics. By looking at several aspects of evolutionarychange, the results from this study clearly demonstrate thatconsiderable evolutionary distinctions exist between the variouspathogenic lineages of V. cholerae. Genetic mechanisms forevolutionary change; recombination, horizontal gene transfer, genedisplacement and gene loss, have contributed to these genotypicdistinctions and are likely to have been important in thedivergence of the pathogenic clones from the common ancestrallineage. It would be expected that the same evolutionary processesare continually at work in creating shifts in the predominantpathogenic clone in endemic regions, and possibly lead to theemergence of the next pandemic clone of V. cholerae.
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