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The wealth of eye diversity found in nature caused§Neo-Darwinist to propose that photoreceptor organs§originated independently at least in 40, but possible§up to 65 or more different phyletic lines. However,§recent molecular genetic evidence points to a common§genetic program for eye development in all§eye-bearing organisms. Based on these findings it was§proposed that the various eye types found in Metazoa§derive from a common ancestor prototype eye. The§author, Lukas Keller, reviews the various eye types§found in the animal kingdom and the recent molecular§data that lead to the hypothesis of a monophyletic§origin of the eye. His own research on eye selector§and opsin genes in bivalvian molluscs further§strengthen the idea that all animal eyes derive from§a common ancestor eye. Furthermore, his results§suggest a functional role of Pax-6 and Six1/2 genes§in the gills of the bivalves Arca noae and Pecten§maximus and raises the interesting question whether§these genes are implicated in the establishment of§the chemosensory field.